Cook the Pasta: Prepare the pasta according to the package directions until al dente. Drain and rinse under cold water to stop the cooking process and cool it down.
Char the Corn: In a large skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the corn and cook, stirring occasionally, until it becomes golden and slightly charred, about 8 to 10 minutes.
Add Seasonings: Sprinkle the chili powder and smoked paprika over the charred corn, stirring well to coat. Remove the skillet from the heat and allow the corn to cool slightly.
Mix the Salad: In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooled pasta with the seasoned corn. Add the lime juice, mayonnaise, crumbled cotija cheese, chopped cilantro, and jalapeño if using.
Finish the Dish: Toss everything together until all ingredients are evenly coated. Taste and season with salt and pepper as needed.
Chill Before Serving: Cover and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes to let the flavors blend before serving.